罗曼诺夫王朝沙皇的量化比较

罗曼诺夫王朝共有十八位沙皇。通过他们的亲缘、血统和对外侵略三方面的量化比较 ,以彼得大帝和叶卡特琳娜二世女皇为核心 ,透视王朝前期和后期沙皇之间横向与纵向的关系。同时指出 ,沙皇不论血统如何 ,其对外侵略传统是一脉相承的。     

新技术背景下骨髓捐献补偿机制的法学思考——以美国弗林案为视角

在弗林案中．美国法院认为通过外周血干细胞单采技术从血中获取的造血干细胞是血液的子部分而非骨髓的子部分,因而《国家器官移植法》的补偿禁令不适用于此项新技术。尽管此判决具有些许瑕疵,但其确立了骨髓捐献的补偿机制,对增加骨髓造血干细胞移植具有积极的政策意义。对于采用外周血干细胞单采技术进行的骨髓捐献,我国应允许补偿机制,现阶段应优先考虑社会规律而非自然规律,因而对此问题宜准用《献血法》而非《人体器官移植条例》。     

伦理视域下破除人体器官捐献“坚冰”的新策略

目前我国民众自愿遗体器官捐献的比率极低,民众对去世后捐献器官的意识茫然,相关伦理制度及体制不健全。规范体系缺失、传统“孝”观念的影响、生命形式的单一化认知、公共意识缺乏,是影响我国遗体器官捐献的重要伦理因素。破除遗体器官捐献的“坚冰”,应建立科学、透明的器官捐献保障机制,充分挖掘传统“孝”观念中的“延续性”意蕴,认识“关系生命体”的生命存在新形式,通过宣传提升人们的公共意识和公德精神。     

人体脐带血单核细胞与冰晶间相互机械影响的显微研究

利用低温显微镜观察了脐带血单核细胞在降温过程中与冰晶间的相互机械作用,比较了在不同保护剂情况下有无静电场的降温过程中,冰晶形成和生长以及由此引起的机械作用的变化.结果表明,在脐血中的细胞与冰晶间存在一定的机械作用,静电场的引入在一定程度上改变了冰晶的形成和生长特性,使其细化;不同的保护剂,由于其本身的化学机制不同,对冰晶的抑制影响也不同.     

无偿献血机制面临的伦理困境及对策建议——基于昆明市公众的调查研究

为了了解公众对无偿献血相关知识的认知程度及行为态度,识别无偿献血机制面临的伦理困境,为完善无偿献血机制提供对策建议.作者以问卷调查为主,个人访谈为辅,对昆明市250名公众进行调查.结果显示:公众对无偿献血相关知识及政策的认知程度较低,仅有29.11％的被调查者参加过无偿献血;无偿献血机制面临宣传导向不正确、自愿献血困难重重、血站运行机制不合理等方面的伦理困境.要想走出困境,应该加强对无偿献血相关知识及政策的宣传,提高公众的认知程度;坚持公益性原则,理顺血站运行机制,消除公众信任危机;杜绝非自愿性献血,充分保障公众的自主权;完善无偿献血激励机制及保障机制,切实维护献血者合法权益.     

移动短消息业务在献血服务中的应用

移动短消息业务是人们普遍采用的一种通讯方式。本文介绍了移动短消息发送系统的构建方法和工作原理,以及在献血服务中的应用。     

The Effect of Viewing a Landscape on Physiological Health of Elderly Women

Abstract

A quasi-experiment was undertaken to measure physiological characteristics of elderly women as they viewed different landscapes. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored as elderly women living in a retirement centre viewed a natural landscape, a built landscape, and a control room with no view to the outside. Other characteristics of the individuals and the settings that have been shown to affect blood pressure and heart rate were controlled. The results indicated that, in all cases, viewing the natural landscape resulted in lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures and lower heart rates than those measured in the control room. Viewing the built landscape also had the general effect of lowering blood pressures and heart rates, but the effect was less consistent and the magnitude was smaller than that caused by the natural landscape. Lowering of blood pressure and heart rate have both been shown to be positively correlated with increased health and well-being, indicating the benefit of simply viewing a landscape. These results have important implications for design of housing for the elderly. Even if individuals are unable or unwilling to go outside, they can still benefit from seeing out into a landscape.     

Inverse association between total testosterone concentrations,incident hypertension and blood pressure

Background.?Studies on the relationship between testosterone concentrations and blood pressure have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, this study investigated the prospective association of total testosterone (TT) concentrations with risk of incident hypertension and blood pressure change in 1484 men aged 20–79 years.

Methods.?Data from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania, Germany, were used. Serum TT concentrations, measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays, were categorised into age-specific quartiles. Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) models, adjusted for age, waist circumference, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption were specified.

Results.?During a median follow-up time of 5.0 years, the prevalence of hypertension increased from 50.6% to 57.1%. TT concentrations were significantly lower in men with baseline and incident hypertension. Analyses revealed that men with baseline TT concentrations in the lowest quartile had an increased risk of incident hypertension (odds ratio (OR), 1.19 (95% CI, 1.10–1.28)) compared to men with higher TT concentrations. Furthermore, we found a significant inverse association of TT concentrations and blood pressure, showing that men with baseline TT concentrations in the lowest quartile showed the slightest change in systolic blood pressure (?6.01?mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (?2.11?mmHg) and pulse pressure (?3.98?mmHg). Sensitivity analyses in a subpopulation of men without antihypertensive medication confirmed these findings.

Conclusion.?These results show that low male TT concentrations are predictive of hypertension, suggesting TT as a potential biomarker of increased cardiovascular risk.     

Nonspecific Urethritis: Its Current Status

Abstract

The etiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of nonspecific urethritis (N.S.U.) is discussed. Chlamydia seems to be responsible for approximately 40–50% of cases while the etiology of the remainder remains obscrue. There seems to be reasonably good evidence for venereal transmission as well as for treatment of the female partner whether symptomatic or asymptomatic.

Tetracyline given for 21 days or oxytetracycline given for four days seem to be the most effective first line treatment regimens at this time.

Complications which include prostatitis, epididymitis, urethral stricture, and Reiter's Syndrome, are discussed. It appears as though there is a reasonable possibility that Reiter's Syndrome is a separate entity (or immunological sequela) rather than a complication.     

生活化视域下张载思想的当代价值

张载是宋明理学的奠基人之一,其所创立的＂关学＂在中国思想史上具有深远影响,不仅如此,其思想在当今社会也有重要的借鉴意义。张载的＂变化气质＂学说指引着人们朝着全面发展的方向前进,其＂民胞物与＂思想为社会的和谐提供了有力的支撑,其完善的教育思想也为现代教育制度的构建提供理论指导。但是,理解张载的思想不能仅仅停留在理论层面,而要充分考虑到其现实的实践意义,也就是从当下出发去寻找其能够实现的生活化路径。